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q DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging)
q 弥散张量成像软件包
This optional package expands the capability of DW EPI to include isotropic diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) a special technique that provides excellent image contrast, based on the degree of diffusion anisotropy in cerebral tissues such as white matter.
各向同性的弥散张量成像软件包(DTI)是DWI成像的扩展，比之更强大，提供更好的对比度，其基础是脑白质组织各个方向上弥散系数不同。
DTI works by simultaneously applying diffusion-sensitizing gradients along the frequency, phase and slice-selection axes. Echo planar imaging readouts are performed on diffusion data along 6 to155 diffusion orientations at each prescribed slice location. The system then generates component diffusion images for estimating the diffusion tensor at each pixel and to map regions of isotropic and anisotropic diffusion in the tissue. This package also expands the capability of FuncTool on the operator’s console to generate fractional anisotropy (FA) maps and volume ratio anisotropy (VRA) maps. (Not compatible with SmartSpeed and HiSpeed Plus gradients).
DTI同时在频率编码，相位编码和层面编码方向上施加弥散敏感的梯度。EPI序列在每一个指定的层面位置上读出6-155个方向的弥散数据。然后系统生成复合的弥散图像，估算每一个像素的弥散张量值并生成组织内区域性的各向同性和各向异性弥散图。该软件包也扩展了在主机上的FuncTool后处理软件包生成分数化的各向异性图(FA图)和容积比率各向异性图(VA图)的能力。 |
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q FiberTrack
q 白质纤维束在线后处理软件包
This optional package expands the capability of DTI to create color-coded directionally sensitive maps of the white matter tracts. This software is installed on the main console.(FiberTRAK on AW is M30331NM)
该技术用来产生彩色编码的弥散方向敏感加权图，标记白质的走形。 |
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q 3D FIESTA-C
q 3D超快速内耳及脑神经成像技术
FIESTA-C (Fast Imaging Employing STeady-state Acquisition) is similar to the 3D FIESTA in that it uses a steady-state fully balanced coherent imaging pulse sequence with short TR. FIESTA-C collects two images at different receive phases and then generates a combined image across the phase cycles for each location of the 3D acquisition. The RF phase cycling allows for use of longer TR > 4 to 5 ms, while maintaining the same benefits of FIESTA. Consequently, it is recommended whenever you need to use TR > 4 or 5 ms and/or dark bands appear on the 3D FIESTA.
FIESTA-C与3D FIESTA相比最大的不同是前者在不同的接收相内采集两套图像，从而生成在相位周期上复合的图像，它也是3D采集。射频的相位周期允许稍长的大于4-5ms的TR时间，所以当你需要大于4-5ms的TR时间和/或在3D FIESTA上出现黑影时均可使用该序列。
The applications include high-resolution inter-vertebral discs, hydrocephalus obstruction, biliary tree dilatation and IAC.
该序列可应用于高分辨率的椎间盘成像，脑水肿，胆道扩张及内听道成像。 |
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q Propeller 2.0 Brain Suite
q 用于脑部的Propeller 2.0
PROPELLER (Periodically Rotated Overlapping ParallEL Lines with enhanced reconstruction) is a revolutionary data collection technique used in conjunction with the fast spin echo pulse sequence.
PROPELLER(周期性旋转的重复平行线形增强重建采集)是一项革命性的数据采集技术，使用快速自旋回波序列。
The name reflects the unique pattern that acquires radial blades of image data rotated in sequence until data acquisition is complete. The redundant data creates images with unusually high contrast-to-noise ratio as well as makes the sequence insensitive to motion artifacts on T2 and T2 FLAIR sequences and insensitive to susceptibility artifacts on DWI sequences.
该技术名称反映出独有的采集模式，即对放射状的数据进行旋转采集直至序列结束。大量的冗余的数据不仅产生了不同一般的高信噪比图像同时使T2和T2FLAIR序列对运动伪影完全不敏感，使DWI序列对磁敏感伪影完全不敏感。
The result is high quality T2 and T2 FLAIR images of the brain even when the patient fails to remain still, and high quality DWI images in the presence of dental work or surgical hardware. As a result, PROPELLER enables reliable, high quality brain imaging. The Propeller 2.0 version enables multiplane imaging.
结果是脑部的高质量T2和T2 FLAIR图像，哪怕患者没法保持静止。同时可以在假牙患者或脑部术后金属植入物的患者获得高质量的DWI图像。因此PROPELLER能够在上述三种患者中获得可靠的高质量的脑部图像。PROPELLER 2.0能做矢冠轴成像。 |
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q TRICKS For SILENT MR
q SILENT MR TRICKS动态血管成像
TRICKS (Time Resolved Imaging of Contrast KineticS) provides high resolution multi-phase 3D volumes of any anatomy for fast accurate visualization of the vasculature. With segmented complex data recombination, TRICKS can accelerate 3D dynamic vascular imaging without compromising spatial detail. TRICKS also uses elliptic centric data collection for optimized contrast resolution and auto-subtraction for optimized background suppression. The result is time course imaging that does not require timing or triggering, provides high temporal and high spatial resolution, and enables the extraction of optimum phases of data.. As a result, TRICKS enables reliable, high quality vascular imaging. TRICKS is compatible with surface coils and supports parallel imaging for even higher temporal resolution.
TRICKS(时间动力学的增强扫描)提供高分辨率多时相3D容积快速准确的血管成像，通过采用节段性复杂数据的再结合，TRICKS在不牺牲空间细节的基础上大大加快了3D动态血管成像的速度，它采用椭圆形中心数据采集来优化对比度，而且可自动减影消除背景信号。结果是无需定时或触发，高空间分辨率和高时间分辨率，并可选出最合适时相的数据。TRICKS是可靠的高质量血管成像技术，它可和表面线圈兼容并支持并行采集技术达到更高的时间分辨率。 |
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q SWAN
q 磁敏感加权成像
SWAN is a fully flow compensated 3D gradient echo imaging technique that affords heavy T2* weighted imaging with ultra-high resolution. SWAN is extra-sensitive to venous blood, hemorrhage and iron storage. SWAN can detect a hemorrhage smaller than one pixel. At the same time when providing a meaningful structural image, SWAN also provides a filtered phase image, which can be used in measuring the amount of local iron concentration. Coupled with parallel imaging, this sequence produces superior susceptibility contrast in 2-3 minutes on the 3.0T。
SWAN是一个完全流动补偿的3D 梯度回波影像技术，该序列可以提供重度高分辨率的T2*加权图像。SWAN 对静脉血、出血和铁沉积异常敏感，可以检测小于一个像素的微小出血。在提供结构影像的同时，SWAN还提供可用于度量局部铁沉积含量的SWAN 过滤相位图像。SWAN与并行成像技术结合使用，3.0T上可以在2-3分钟内完成扫描。 |
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q 3D COSMIC
q 3D 神经根成像技术
COSMIC (Coherent Oscillatory State acquisition for Manipulation if Image Contrast) is a 3D imaging technique specifically tailored for imaging the C-Spine. The unique fluid-weighted contrast afforded by this sequence yields improved visualization of the cervical nerve roots and intervertebral disk。
COSMIC 是三维图像采集技术，其技术的优化设计完全是为了克服颈椎区域成像时信号的振荡偏移不均，该序列提供唯一的液体流动加权对比显像，从而提高颈椎脊神经与椎间盘显示，从而对颈椎成像较其它序列成像具有无与伦比的成像优势。 |
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q BRAVO
q 等体素神经成像技术
BRAVO is an IR-prepared 3D gradient echo imaging technique that affords isotropic, whole-brain coverage with 1x1x1 mm resolution. Coupled with parallel imaging, this sequence produces superior grey-white matter contrast in 2-3 minutes.
BRAVO 是翻转回波准备3D 梯度回波影像技术，该序列可以完成全脑覆盖，同时获取1x1x1mm空间分辨率的图像, 2－3分钟完成全脑覆盖优异的灰白质对比图像。 |
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q QUICKSTEP FOR SILENT MR
q SILENT MR QUICKSTEP全身血管成像
QuickStep is an automated multi-station acquisition for the evaluation of the vascular tree. This unique application automatically prescribes, acquires, and combines images from multiple stations for fast acquisition and exam completion. To complete the entire exam in as little as 6 minutes, the system will automatically acquire mask datasets from multiple stations without any user intervention. Secondary images are then acquired at the same independent table positions. The system will automatically subtract the mask images from the secondary dataset and combine the resulting images from the multiple stations into one series. The user only needs to complete a review and approval of the data prior to insertion of images into the database.
QuickStep是自动多站式采集，主要评价血管系统。这项独有的技术能自动定位，自动采集并将多站式图像进行联合，6分钟完成快速成像。首先会采集蒙片消除使用者操作不当带来的影响，其次图像将在同一个独立的扫描位置进行采集，系统将自动将蒙片从后续采集的数据中减掉并将多站式图像联合在一个系列中，使用者仅仅需要直接看片并撰写报告，而不是将相关图像插入到数据库中。 |
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q IDEAL FOR SILENT MR
q SILENT MR IDEAL水脂分离技术
Generate consistent tissue contrast and reduce the number of series in an exam with IDEAL. The IDEAL acquisition and reconstruction methods can generate a water-only, fat-only, in-phase and out-of-phase data sets for clear tissue differentiation in a single series.
产生更好的组织对比度，减少扫描序列个数，这就是IDEAL。IDEAL能在一个采集系列中产生水相，脂肪相，水脂同相和水脂反相等四套对比度图像，同时达到细腻而清晰的组织对比度。
In addition susceptibility artifacts common to MR imaging such as incomplete or inaccurate fat saturation, and chemical shift can be eliminated as well.
同时，对MR成像很常见的磁敏感伪影比如不完整或不准确的脂肪饱和以及化学位移伪影在IDEAL中消失无踪。
The IDEAL application acquires multiple echoes and uses unique reconstruction routines to generate the four image contrasts and correct for errors due to tissue susceptibility.
IDEAL采集多个回波，使用独有的重建方法产生四种对比度图像并校正由于组织磁敏感度不同带来的错误。
IDEAL is ideally suited for imaging anatomical regions such as the brachial plexus, neck, spine, chest, foot, ankle, and axilla where inhomogeneous magnetic fields may yield failures with traditional fat saturation techniques.
IDEAL非常适合于在壁丛神经，颈部，脊柱，胸部，足部，踝部和腋窝等部位成像使用。在这些部位，磁场的不均匀性会令传统压脂技术失灵。
IDEAL is compatible with Fast Spin Echo, 3D Gradient Echo and parallel imaging. For fast multi-phase imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, IDEAL is compatible with LAVA. The efficient LAVA-IDEAL acquisition uses 2D ARC parallel imaging to eliminate artifacts from breath hold misregistration and incorrect FOV placement in addition to the clear tissue contrasts with IDEAL. LAVA is included in the Express Exam ScanTools and is standard with the Silent MR system.
IDEAL与快速自旋回波，3D梯度回波以及并行采集技术都兼容，对腹部及盆腔快速的多时相成像非常适合，IDEAL技术与LAVA技术相兼容，LAVA-IDEAL采集应用2D ARC并行采集技术消除屏气带来的重合不准问题以及不准确的FOV放置问题，并带来了清晰的组织对比度。LAVA包括快速检查技术并且是Discovery 750系统的标准技术。
For fast multi-phase imaging of the breast, IDEAL is compatible with VIBRANT. The efficient VIBRANT-IDEAL acquisition uses 2D ARC parallel imaging to gain higher acceleration factors over ASSET parallel imaging, reduces artifacts from breath hold misregistration, and eliminates artifacts due to incorrect FOV prescription. VIBRANT must be purchased separately. The IDEAL method is compatible with ASSET and ARC parallel imaging and is optimized based on the anatomy of interest.
对乳腺的快速多时相成像而言，IDEAL与VIBRANT兼容。VIBRANT-IDEAL采集使用2D ARC并行采集技术获得比ASSET更高的加速因子，减少了屏气带来的配对不准和FOV放置不准两大问题。IDEAL可以使用ASSET和ARC并行采集技术，并可在感兴趣区被优化。 |
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q CUBE FOR SILENT MR
q SILENT MR CUBE等体素扫描
Exclusive to GE, the Cube technology can eliminate multiple independent two-dimensional datasets with a single three-dimensional volume (or cube) of high resolution data to provide better image quality in shorter exam times. Compared to traditional 3D fast spin echo acquisitions, Cube uses a combination of optimized echo train pulses to: reduce SAR, extend the duration of the acquisition echo train, and reduce the echo spacing. The system automatically adjusts the echo train flip angle amplitude to provide optimize tissue contrast based on the specific tissue T1 and T2 characteristics and prescription parameters.
CUBE无需再单独采集二维图像而是用单一的三维容积高分辨率图像代替，提供更好图像质量，更短采集时间。与传统3D快速梯度回波相比，CUBE使用了优化过的回波链脉冲，减少了SAR，增加了回波链个数，并缩短了回波间隔。系统自动调节回波链的反转角幅度从而提高了组织对比度。
To further reduce exam time and improve image quality, Cube is compatible with ARC self calibrating parallel imaging, included with all Silent MR systems.
CUBE与ARC技术兼容，进一步提高了图像质量和采集速度。
Isotropic Cube datasets are easily reformatted from a single acquisition into any plane, without gaps, and with the same resolution as the original plane for improved anatomical review and tissue visualization. High resolution Cube data can be acquired with T2, T2 FLAIR, or Proton density weighted tissue contrasts for neuro and musculoskeletal imaging.
各向同性的CUBE容积数据可以任意平面重建，无层间距，与初始采集达到相同的图像分辨率，从而提高了解剖细节的显示。高分辨率CUBE成像可用于T2，T2 FLAIR或质子加权像。用于神经和骨关节成像应用。 |
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q 3D Dual Echo
q 三维双回波
With improvements in parallel imaging and RF coil arrays, volumetric imaging in the body is becoming a standard of care. The 3D Dual Echo sequence produces in-phase and out-of-phase images in a single breath-hold. As a result, the high-resolution images are in perfect alignment, simplifying the diagnostic process. In addition, the improved SNR of the 3D acquisition permits thinner slices than are traditionally available using 2D techniques.
由于射频线圈阵列技术的提高和并行采集技术的改善，腹部容积扫描成为常规。3D双回波技术在一次屏气内产生同相位和反相位图像，配位更精确，简化诊断流程，分辨率更高。另外，3D采集增加的信噪比可比2D相关技术得到更薄的层厚。 |
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q 3D FATSAT FIESTA FOR SILENT MR
q SILENT MR 三维压脂FIESTA
3D FatSat FIESTA is advanced software designed for imaging of the coronary arteries. The software acquires 3D images using FIESTA (Fast Imaging Employing STeady state Acquisition). Fat suppression is applied to accentuate the coronary arteries. The use of VAST (Variable Sampling in Time) technology greatly shortens breath-holding requirements or allows for higher spatial resolution.
3D 压脂FIESTA技术用于冠状动脉成像，通过FIESTA技术采集3D图像，压脂是为了凸现出冠脉。VAST技术的应用大大缩短了屏气时间或在屏气时间不变的同时提高空间分辨率。 |
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q SILENT MR LAVA (LAVA-Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration) –XV
q SILENT MR 腹部三维容积多期动态增强成像技术
LAVA-XV provides a more reliable and robust approach to high-resolution liver imaging, with larger coverage within the same scan time. By employing multi-dimensional parallel imaging and GEM reconstruction, LAVA-XV produces 3D image volumes extending from the dome of the liver to the pelvis in a single breath-hold. By over-sampling the center of k-space, this acquisition technique embeds the calibration data within the image data insuring a robust parallel imaging reconstruction that is free from breathing artifacts. Due to its unique variable density sampling approach, no time penalty is incurred for the self-calibrated acquisition. The clinical result? High-resolution, without losing the abdominal imaging.
LAVA-XV SILENT MR彻底克服了以往HD 平台上遇到的瓶颈：即扫描范围，空间分辨率，即扫描时受检者屏气时间。LAVA-XV 采用空间多个方向的平行采集技术与GEM空间重建技术，使得该序列在一次屏气条件下的扫描范围三维采集大范围数据，即从肝脏到盆腔整个范围。通过K空间中心过度采样，在采样过程中穿插采集校正数据，该数据来自于空间的平行采集重建 从而可以彻底消除以往常规LAVA的呼吸伪影顽疾，唯一可变密度的数据采集方式，无时间折衷的自身校正数据处理，带来的临床结果是：超高的空间分辨率，不能丢掉任何病理生理信息，从而获得高信躁比，高分辨率，诊断医生增加诊断信心的腹部应用图像。 |
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q LAVA-FLEX
q 腹部三维容积多期动态增强脂肪抑制成像技术
Liver Acquisition with Volume Acceleration with Flex processing. Based on the standard LAVA sequence, LAVA-Flex uses selfencoded 2D ARC parallel imaging and a new reconstruction algorithm to generate water-only, fat-only, in-phase and out-of phase images from a single scan.
LAVA-FLEX使用2D ARC并行采集技术和全新重建算法在一次扫描里产生水相，脂相，水脂同相和水脂反相四套图像。 |
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q 3D FRFSE
q 自由呼吸的三维高分辨率MR水成像
Coupled with respiratory gating, this 3D FSE sequence uses a novel “recovery” pulse at the end of each echo train to recapture signal for the next repetition. These features result in high-resolution three-dimensional images for MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) studies.
3D FRFSE与呼吸门控相结合，在每个回波链的末端采用了革新的恢复脉冲捕捉到下次重复时间内的信号，这个特点在MRCP的成像中提高了分辨率。 |
